Emily Murphy A Great Canadian Essays - , Term Papers

Emily Murphy: A Great Canadian It was only in this century that women in Canada had equal rights as men. But this would never happen if women themselves would not start fighting for their rights. One of these women was Emily Murphy and her greatest achievement, Emily proved that women are `persons' and therefore they have the right to work in any political office. Her life and political career lead her to this achievement. Emily Gowan Ferguson was born on March 14, 1868 in a village of Cookstown. It was Uncle Thomas who was a politician and who influenced Emily's interest in politics. At fifteen Emily moved to Toronto and attended the Bishop Strachan School for Girls. Emily married Reverend Arthur Murphy in 1887 in Anglican church of St. John's in Cookstown and in 1904 she and her husband moved to Winnipeg. Mrs. Murphy "conducted the literary section of the Winnipeg Tribune for a few years before moving to Alberta in 1907." In her new home Emily became very active in civic affairs especially in law that would improve the rights of women and children. In 1900's in Alberta any man who, for example, had a farm and was married could sell that farm and leave his wife and children walking away with the money. Mrs. Murphy was angry that Alberta would allow such disgrace. In 1910 Emily was still fighting for the Dower Act "which would recognize a married woman's entitlement to a share of the common property in a marriage". For the first time the act was turned down, Emily not giving up tried very hard until 1911 when Dower Act was passed. "It provided that a wife must get a third of her husband's estate, even when he did not leave a will." It was a major victory for Emily and also her first achievement. This accomplishment not only encouraged women to fight for their rights but Emily gained new confidence and encouraged her to fight for new suffrage bill. In 1914 Mrs. Murphy and Mrs. McClung joined forces and in 1916 after long negotiations a suffrage bill was introduced to the legislature. Because of the war now ranging in Europe "there was an even greater sense of urgency for women's suffrage, and Murphy - McClung team doubled its efforts". The first session in February 24, 1916 Premier Sifton read the bill and along with it approximately forty thousand signatures. The next day he brought a bill of his own allowing "women a status of complete political equality with men in all provincial, municipal, and school matters." The result of Emily's effort was that on June 19, 1916, Judge Murphy became "first woman police magistrate in the British Empire.". In January 1921 Mrs. Murphy received a letter from a secretary of the Montreal Women's Club saying that women "here" want her in the senate. This letter encouraged Emily to fight "the question through to a finish ..." In August 27, 1927 Judge Murphy sent a letter to Ottawa "in a request by the governor-general-in- council to the Supreme Court for a ruling on the question, `Does the word Persons in Section 24 of the British North America Act 1867, include female persons?'" Section 24 was the excuse of Senators not letting a woman to be a `person' and therefore not allowing women to hold political office. Finally on October 18, 1929 Lord Sankey ruled that Women were "Persons and were therefore qualified to become members of the Senate in Canada." This was the news all women in Canada would like to hear, this was also the greatest achievement made by Emily Murphy who spent her life fighting for women's rights. On October 30, 1933 Emily's coffin was lowered to the grave, Mrs. Murphy died of diabetes... Emily died of diabetes but she was still part of many people who helped her achieving what she did. Some of these people were women like Mrs. Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, Henriette Muir Edwards and Irene Parlby. Thanks to Judge Murphy Canada was the eighth country which gave women equal rights. Emily's accomplishments prove that she was a very hard working women with great courage but the most important thing she did not give up on anything that is why Mrs. Murphy achieved what she intended to achieve, women's freedom in Canada. B I B L I O G R A P H Y Cleverdon L. Catherine. The Women Suffrage Movement In Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto and Buffalo, 1975. Mander Christine. Emily Murphy: Rebel. Simon & Pierre, Toronto, 1985. "Women suffrage

Major General James H. Wilson in the Civil War

Major General James H. Wilson in the Civil War James H. Wilson - Early Life: Born September 2, 1837 in Shawneetown, IL, James H. Wilson received his education locally before attending McKendree College.   Remaining there for a year, he then applied for an appointment to West Point.   Granted, Wilson arrived at the academy in 1856 where his classmates included Wesley Merritt and Stephen D. Ramseur.   A gifted student, he graduated four years later ranked sixth in a class of forty-one. This performance earned him a posting to the Corps of Engineers.   Commissioned as a second lieutenant, Wilsons initial assignment saw him serve at Fort Vancouver in the Department of Oregon as a topographical engineer.   With the beginning of the Civil War the following year, Wilson returned east for service in the Union Army. James H. Wilson - A Gifted Engineer Staff Officer: Assigned to Flag Officer Samuel F. Du Pont and Brigadier General Thomas Shermans expedition against Port Royal, SC, Wilson continued to serve as a topographical engineer.   Taking part in this effort in late 1861, he remained in the region in the spring of 1862 and aided Union forces during the successful siege of Fort Pulaski.   Ordered north, Wilson joined the staff of Major General George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac.   Serving as an aide-de-camp, he saw action during the Union victories at South Mountain and Antietam that September.   The following month, Wilson received orders to serve as the chief topographical engineer in Major General Ulysses S. Grants Army of the Tennessee. Arriving in Mississippi, Wilson aided Grants efforts to capture the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg.   Made inspector general of the army, he was in this post during the campaign that led to the siege of the city including the fighting at Champion Hill and Big Black River Bridge.   Earning Grants trust, he remained with him in the fall of 1863 for the campaign to relieve Major General William S. Rosecrans Army of the Cumberland at Chattanooga.   Following the victory at the Battle of Chattanooga, Wilson received a promotion to brigadier general and moved north as chief engineer of Major General William T. Shermans force which was tasked with aiding Major General Ambrose Burnside at Knoxville.   Ordered to Washington, DC in February 1864, he assumed command of the Cavalry Bureau.   In this position he worked tirelessly to supply the Union Armys cavalry and lobbied to equip it with fast-loading Spencer repeating carbines. James H. Wilson - Cavalry Commander: Though an able administrator, Wilson received a brevet promotion to major general on May 6 and command of a division in Major General Philip H. Sheridans Cavalry Corps.   Taking part in Grants Overland Campaign, he saw action at the Wilderness and played a role in Sheridans victory at Yellow Tavern.   Remaining with the Army of the Potomac for much of the campaign, Wilsons men screened its movements and provided reconnaissance.    With the beginning of the siege of Petersburg in June, Wilson and Brigadier General August Kautz were tasked with conducting a raid into General Robert E. Lees rear to destroy key railroads that supplied the city.   Riding out on June 22, the effort initially proved successful as over sixty miles of track were destroyed.   Despite this, the raid quickly turned against Wilson and Kautz as attempts to destroy the Staunton River Bridge failed.   Harried east by Confederate cavalry, the two commanders were blocked by enemy forces at Reams Station on June 29 and were forced to destroy much of their equipment and split up.   Wilsons men finally reached safety on July 2.   A month later, Wilson and his men traveled north as part of the forces assigned to Sheridans Army of the Shenandoah.   Tasked with clearing Lieutenant General Jubal A. Early from the Shenandoah Valley, Sheridan attacked the enemy at the Third Battle of Winchester in late September and won a clear victory. James H. Wilson - Back to the West: In October 1864, Wilson was promoted to major general of volunteers and ordered to oversee the cavalry in Shermans  Military Division of the Mississippi.   Arriving in the west, he trained the cavalry that would serve under Brigadier General Judson Kilpatrick during Shermans March to the Sea.   Rather than accompany this force, Wilson remained with Major General George H. Thomas Army of the Cumberland for service in Tennessee. Leading a cavalry corps at the Battle of Franklin on November 30, he played a key role when his men repulsed an attempt to turn the Union left by noted Confederate cavalryman Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest.   Reaching Nashville, Wilson worked to refit his cavalry before the Battle of Nashville on December 15-16.   On the second day of the fighting, his men delivered a blow against Lieutenant General John B. Hoods left flank and then pursued the enemy after they retreated from the field. In March 1865, with little organized opposition remaining, Thomas directed Wilson to lead 13,500 men on a raid deep into Alabama with the goal of destroying the Confederate arsenal at Selma.   In addition to further disrupting the enemys supply situation, the effort would support Major General Edward Canbys operations around Mobile.   Departing on March 22, Wilsons command moved in three columns and met light resistance from troops under Forrest.   Arriving at Selma after several skirmishes with the enemy, he formed to assault the city.   Attacking, Wilson shattered the Confederate lines and routed Forrests men from the town. After burning the arsenal and other military targets, Wilson marched on Montgomery.   Arriving on April 12, he learned of Lees surrender at Appomattox three days earlier.   Pressing on with the raid, Wilson crossed into Georgia and defeated a Confederate force at Columbus on April 16.   After destroying the towns navy yard, he continued on to Macon where the raid ended on April 20.   With the end of hostilities, Wilsons men fanned out as Union troops made an effort to capture fleeing Confederate officials.   As part of this operation, his men succeeded in capturing Confederate President Jefferson Davis on May 10.   Also that month, Wilsons cavalry arrested Major Henry Wirz, commandant of the of the notorious Andersonville prisoner of war camp. James H. Wilson - Later Career Life: With the end of the war, Wilson soon reverted to his regular army rank of lieutenant colonel.   Though officially assigned to the 35th US Infantry, he spent the majority of the final five years of his career engaged in various engineering projects.    Leaving the US Army on December 31, 1870, Wilson worked for several railroads as well as took part in engineering projects on the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers.   With the beginning of the Spanish-American War in 1898, Wilson sought a return to military service.   Appointed a major general of volunteers on May 4, he led troops during the conquest of Puerto Rico and later served in Cuba.    Commanding the Department of Matanzas and Santa Clara in Cuba, Wilson accepted an adjustment in rank to brigadier general in April 1899.   The following year, he volunteered for the China Relief Expedition and crossed the Pacific to combat the Boxer Rebellion.   In China from September to December 1900, Wilson aided in the capture of the Eight Temples and Boxer headquarters.   Returning to the United States, he retired in 1901 and represented President Theodore Roosevelt at the coronation of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom the following year.   Active in business, Wilson died at Wilmington, DE on February 23, 1925.   One of the last living Union generals, he was buried in the citys Old Swedes Churchyard. Selected Sources National Park Service: Major General James H. WilsonMr. Lincoln Friends: Major General James H. WilsonEncyclopedia of Alabama: Major General James H. Wilsonskidfadhe or

We have examined both limited and total war. What are the most Essay

We have examined both limited and total war. What are the most important factors leading to either limited or total war - Essay Example Total war is a war that involves the absolute mobilization of a certain society’s resources to accomplish a complete destruction of the enemy, with all differences effaced among the militants and non-militants. Total wars are extremely destructive and defined by collective victims. Winning of the total war requires the participants to interrupt individuals desire to continue fighting. The World War 1 and 2 are legitimate examples of total wars, which were experienced by the absolute destruction of economy. Some of the nations involved in total war and experienced massive destruction include Italy and Japan2. This refers to conflict over economic resources, which could be between people or country in need of securing foreign markets or raw materials. For example, countries may develop conflict because of resources especially at border points. Moreover, disputes may occur due to scarcity of natural resources. For example, various individuals may engage in a fight when trying to access the minimal available resources that enhance their well-being. This can have a dramatic impact to the stability of a country’s economy resulting to inflation and even collapse of the government. This fight develops because of a clash among contrasting political factions. The fight may occur due to differences in opinion regarding polls and sharing of powers by coalition government. Another example could also include conflicting results of elections. This causes division of the countries. The fight may also lead to division of citizens in regards to ethnic background. War can change the structure of a government resulting to complete configuration of a country’s operations3. War may develop because of hostilities between contrasting ethical groups or classes in a nation or region. Such strains were the contributing factors in the Spanish Civil War. The compositions and customs of a social group are frequently, transformed by war. A clear example is the World War

Applied Microbiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applied Microbiology - Essay Example Additionally, the accessibility of the microbial genome sequences gives a wide scope of opportunities to understand as well as exploit the microorganisms present in the wine. The influence of molecular revolution in medicinal applications is evidenced by the genetic alteration of bacteria to produce an enzyme that can treat a human disease (Sehgal, 2012). For example, nanotechnology has led to the deliverance of the drug in different forms such as dendrimers, nanoshells and nanotubes to specific genes in humans (Sehgal, 2012). Development of synthetic neology will lead to the extensive application of applied microbiology in the production of biodegradable biomaterials. For instance, it is apparent that bioplastics will replace the production of non-degradable waste materials. In relation to this, microbes such as aerobes, anaerobes as well as photosynthetic bacteria with the ability to accumulate and catabolise polyesters responsible for the formation of bioplastics will be used (Garcia, Luengo, Naharro, Olivera & Sandoval, 2003). Additionally, it is evident that the development of synthetic neology will lead to the large-scale creation of recombinant organisms with the ability to synthesize bioplastics from cheap carbon sources. Apart from replacing non-biodegradable materials, synthetic neology will lead to the production of materials that will be used in the health sector (Garcia et al., 2003). For instance, the polyesters produced by the microorganisms will be used in medical applications like sutures , implants, and urological stents. In addition to this, the polyesters will be used in the treatment of narcolepsy as well as alcohol addiction. Biologic products are derived from natural (biological) products. They include medical products such as vaccines, blood products, and allergenic extracts such as allergy shots. A natural product, on the other hand, is a product of a

Poems By Ann Bradstreet And Edward Taylor

Poems By Ann Bradstreet And Edward Taylor Ann Dudley Bradley was an American writer who was born in the year 1612 and lived for 60 years and died in 1672. Among her many works that she wrote included the poem titled The Prologue. She is best remembered as the first American poet to be published during colonisation of America. Edward Taylor was born in Sketchley, Leicestershire, England in 1642 and he lived for 87 years till in 1729. He too was an American poet during the colonisation of America. A Pastor and a Physician, one of his poems published was titled Prologue. The prologue by Ann has eight stanzas and each stanza has six lines, the stanzas of the poem have been arranged in a simple and clear manner; while in comparison with the prologue by Edward, written in 1939 from Preparatory Meditation has five stanzas and six lines. The first and the third line of every stanza have been indented left. Ann Bradley in her poem in the first stanza seems to despise the tendency to praise and adore war, captains and the kings and th eir cities and wealth that are as a resultant of war. She seems not to be able to compel herself into taking her pen and paper and praise them. (For my mean pen are too superior things). To her, it is the duty of poets and historians to set the facts straight. In her poem there is a thin line between the facts of history and the illusions of the kings and captains plus their wealth: and there worth will not be deemed by her writing. The perception of Ann and the emotions of her heart seem to look down about the colonisers good way of life (great bartas sugared lines) and she feels saddened about the state of her fellow Americans in the middle of plenty. In the Prologue by Edward Taylor, the poet seems to ask God a rhetoric question, that its very obvious like a clear sky that the dust that is on the earth (men) can not outweigh the totality of the grand mountains (superiority of God) on the earth caused its not their design nor show that can befit the grandeur of the divinity. To hi m he is self-agreeing that being handed a moistures pen (pen that is ready to be written with) will guide him in giving a wonderful praise to the lord. In the second stanza, he glorifies a pen that has been expectedly made for writing using a super refined ink that can even write on the most unlikely surface (in crystal leaves) where it can write ferociously till the writer stops. Both writers seem to praise the art of writing in bringing out their perception and in glorifying heavenly and in seeking self worth. (2nd stanza for Edward and the fifth and the sixth line of the first stanza for Ann.) In the fourth to the sixth stanzas, Ann Bradley states that they do not expect, any expressive language (rhetoric) from the school boys nor music (sweet consort) from old musical equipments (broken strings) nor a beauty that dance to their tune and so her thoughts also sings out but all this is in vain as whatever the issue at hand, it is not reversible as cause nature made it so. These has made her to dislike the Greek who through art discovered that there desires can be partly fulfilled by art to a certain extent , but at the end of the day an injured brain does not accept therapy.( the fifth stanza). The poet is intolerable to every nagging tongue that prejudices her hand that writes and scorns at her work just because of the superiority of her works and because sh e is female. This brings about the theme of gender bias and inequality through her works (Who says my hand a needle better fits.)and its her duty to prove them wrong through her works ( a poets pen all scorn) even though proving them wrong through her works will lead them to stating that her works and intelligence are not original but its plagiarized( last two sentence of the sixth stanza) Edward Taylor, in the third to the fifth and the last stanza refers himself to be the crump of dust that is so low in the society and its only through his pen that he can bring himself to the level of the praise and high life like the mountains and these he is to do through praising of the Lord through written poems written in the most refined if inks (Â  And Write in Liquid Gold upon Thy Name; My Letters till Thy glory forth doth flame.) He continues by stating that no one should attempt to neither break down his endeavours nor laugh at his works. He applies to the lord to inspire his works and may glory be given to the lord who may have mercy to all those that are looking down at his works of praise (Nor laugh Thou them to scorn but pardon give). For if glory is given then it will last (Thy dust shall live.) And that the people should be careful not to scorn at the short coming of his works as they are still part of his works. (They being Slips slipped from Thy Crumb of Dust.) Edw ard as the crump of dust seeks God( the mountain) to guide him so that he can show case his prowess and give praise and glory to the almighty god (the last stanza)In the last three stanza for Ann Bradley, she looks back at the ancient Greeks who were mild in there treatment of there women but they are still pretenders (Else of our sex why feigned they those Nine). To her Greeks are Greeks and that men should stop waging wars to prove to the women as they have an advantage and they will always excel, all that women are seeking from the men is some respect and acknowledgement for all that they do( Yet grant some small acknowledgement of ours) For even the birds that fly the skies fly high but catch their prey and that men can stop looking down the women achievements then women achievement including her works is bound to bring more wealth to the men by simply acknowledging them.( last stanza) . To conclude both writers are looking at the art of writing as a means of fulfilling there de sires. For Ann Acknowledgement from men and for Edward praise to the lord.

God created Essay

The dawn breaks and the sun peers over the horizon. Another day has come and its new oppotunities seize my imagination. In the beginning, there was only darkness. It is the same darkness that clouds the hearts and minds of men. It sows seeds of fear to paralyze great men into inaction. Thoughts of impending failure and the unsatisfactory results of the past stunts progress and innovation. The valiant and the just stay their hands in the face of tyranny. The wise pass no verdict or judgement to protect the weak and the oppressed. Opportunities to promote the common good are missed and nothing changes. The darkness prevails as time claims the old and weary. But then, God created light and vanquished the darkness. And with the darkness, the fear that plagued man faded into nothingness. Regardless of the possibility failure and despair, man pursued success and happiness. Even in the face of death or humiliation, men fought for what was right and what was just. The cycle of monotony and subsistence was broken as the opportunities, great and small, were seized by the wise and the brave. The world changed and life evolved. The Lord called this light the sun. It is the light that breaks the darkness of the night to usher in the dawn of a new day. It heralds in the infinite possibilites that one can do today. Its daily cycle promises to illuminate the dead night of yesterday and to offer even greater opportunities tomorrow. It is this promise of opportunities that seizes my imagination. It wakes me up in the morning and drives me to live everyday to the full. It is these inevitable infinite opportunities that help me decide what the world will be.

Crowd Safety in Sports Grounds Essay

Occupiers Liability Act (1957) is the fundamental act of spectator safety at sporting events. This act is that an occupier of a premises owes a common duty of care to their visitors. Occupier is in charge of premises. Visitor is some that is invited or permitted to be at the premises. Disabled visitors covered by the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. Cunningham v Reading FC 1992- stadium crumbling. Lump of concrete thrown by fans, hit police man on the head. Was foreseeable because of poor stadia. Reading found liable for negligence. Simms v Leigh RFC- rugby league player tackled but injured when he slid off pitch into concrete wall next to pitch. Club not liable because perimeter was regulated distance. Safety of Sports Grounds Act 1975- covers all stadiums and all sports. It protects all spectators. Fire Safety and Safety of place of sport 1987- licenses from local authorities. Defines how many people in a stand. Because of Bradford fire (wooden stands) act made it so that stadia had to be made of fire proof material Football Spectator Act 1989- is about banning orders. If person commits offence can be banned from sporting events for a certain period of time. Sporting Events (Control of Alcohol) 1985- cannot be possession of alcohol at football matches or on a journey to match. Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994- section 60 -Police Powers regarding Public order. 166A Ticket Touting–Ticket touting illegal- cannot sell tickets in public places Football Offences Act 1991-only at football -cannot throw missiles or make racist or indecent chants JAN 28-2010- Craig Bellamy, attacked with bottles and coin. 2 men arrested for attack.